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大数据发现全球有500亿只鸟 家麻雀超十亿【 金流維護技術的創新與挑戰】

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大数据发现全球有500亿只鸟 家麻雀超十亿

大數據發現全球有500億隻鳥 家麻雀超十億_中國國情_中國網

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大數據發現全球有500億隻鳥 家麻雀超十億

發佈時間:2021-05-19 08:06:05 | 來源:科技日報 | 作者:劉霞 | 責任編輯:呂依依

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大數據發現全球有500億隻鳥

家麻雀等4種躋身「十億俱樂部」

科技日報北京5月18日電 (記者劉霞)澳大利亞新南威爾斯大學研究人員在最新一期《美國國家科學院院刊》上撰文稱,他們基於公民科學觀察和詳細算法,估計了包括鴯鶓和企鵝等不會飛的鳥類在內9700種不同鳥類的數量,這項新大數據研究表明,世界上約有500億隻鳥,這是科學家首次對其他物種進行全面統計。

研究小組匯聚eBird上近10億次鳥類目擊記錄得出了上述數字。eBird是一個記錄公民科學家觀察鳥類的在線數據庫。2010年至2019年間,60多萬名公民科學家將自己的發現貢獻給eBird數據集,運行eBird網站的康奈爾鳥類學實驗室免費提供了這些數據。利用這些數據和詳細的案例研究,研究人員開發出了一種算法來估計每種鳥類的實際數量。

研究發現,只有四種鳥類躋身研究人員所説的「十億俱樂部」:家麻雀有16億隻、歐洲椋鳥有13億隻、環嘴鷗有12億隻、穀倉燕子有11億隻。此外,許多鳥類的數量以百萬計,如彩虹鸚鵡有1900萬隻、硫冠鳳頭鸚鵡有1000萬隻、笑翠鳥有340萬隻。但有些鳥類的數量很少。據估計,參與這項研究的鳥類中,約12%的鳥剩下不到5000隻,包括中國鳳頭燕鷗、噪藪鳥和華氏秧雞;而罕見的黑胸紐扣尾僅剩約100隻。

最新研究主要作者科裏·卡拉漢博士説:「雖然這項研究的重點是鳥類,但我們的大規模數據整合方法可以用於計算其他物種的數量。量化某個物種的豐富度是保護這種物種關鍵的第一步。通過正確計算物種現有的數量,我們可以了解哪些物種可能是脆弱的,並且可以跟蹤其數量隨時間如何變化。」

該研究另一作者威爾·康威爾副教授説:「我們將在五年或十年內通過重複這項研究來判斷這些物種的生存狀況。如果它們的數量下降,這可能是我們生態系統出現問題的真正警鐘。」

該研究數據集包括幾乎所有(92%)現存鳥類的記錄。不過,研究人員表示,剩下8%不太可能對總體估計產生太大影響。

康威爾説:「eBird等大型全球公民科學數據庫,正在徹底改變我們研究宏觀生態學的能力,這類數據在十年前根本無法獲得。」

科技日報


"金流維護技術的創新與挑戰"


金流維護技術的創新與挑戰


隨著科技的不斷發展,金流維護技術也在不斷創新和進步。這些技術對於保護金融交易的安全性和可靠性至關重要。然而,隨著創新的出現,也帶來了一些挑戰。


創新:


1. 雙重認證:為了提高金融交易的安全性,許多金流維護技術引入了雙重認證機制。這種機制要求用户在進行交易時同時提供兩個以上的驗證因素,例如密碼、指紋辨識或短信驗證碼。


2. 即時監控:金流維護技術還包括即時監控系統,可以實時追蹤金融交易的情況。這樣一來,任何可疑的活動都可以立即被檢測到,從而防止詐騙或盜竊行為的發生。


3. 加密技術:為了保護用户的個人和金融信息,金流維護技術使用了各種加密技術。這些技術可以將敏感數據轉化為密文,使其對未經授權的人難以理解和解讀。


挑戰:


1. 社交工程攻擊:即使金流維護技術變得越來越先進,黑客和詐騙分子也在不斷尋找新的方式來攻擊系統。其中一種常見的攻擊方式是社交工程攻擊,即通過欺騙用户獲取他們的個人信息和金融帳户信息。


2. 電子支付風險:隨著電子支付的普及,金流維護技術面臨著更多的風險。例如,黑客可以通過網絡攻擊來竊取用户的支付信息,或者使用偽造的信用卡來進行非法交易。


3. 技術更新和升級:金流維護技術需要不斷更新和升級,以應對新的威脅和挑戰。這需要投入大量的時間和資源,並且可能對現有的系統造成一定的幹擾。


結論:


金流維護技術的創新和挑戰同時存在。儘管技術的進步可以提高金融交易的安全性和可靠性,但也需要不斷努力來應對新的威脅和挑戰。


"The Myth of the 0 Payout in Roulette: Debunking Common Misconceptions"


The Myth of the 0 Payout in Roulette: Debunking Common Misconceptions


Roulette is a popular casino game that has been around for centuries. It is known for its exciting gameplay and the potential for big wins. However, there are many misconceptions surrounding the game, particularly when it comes to the payout for landing on the number 0. In this article, we will debunk these common misconceptions and discuss provide a detailed explanation of how the payouts in roulette actually work.


Misconception 1: Landing on 0 results in no payout


One of the most common misconceptions about roulette is that if the ball lands on 0, players will not receive any payout. This is not true. In fact, landing on 0 can result in a significant payout, depending on the type of bet placed.


Misconception 2: All bets lose when 0 is landed


Another misconception is that when the ball lands on 0, all bets automatically lose. While it is true that some bets will lose when 0 is landed, there are also bets that can win. Understanding the different types of bets in roulette is crucial to debunking this misconception.


Types of bets in roulette


In roulette, there are two main types of bets: inside bets and outside bets. Inside bets are placed on specific numbers or groups of numbers on the roulette table, while outside bets are placed on larger groups of numbers or characteristics of the numbers.



  • Inside bets include straight bets, split bets, street bets, corner bets, wabo娛樂登入 and line bets. These bets have higher payouts but lower odds of winning.
  • Outside bets include red/black, odd/even, high/low, dozen bets, and column bets. These bets have lower payouts but higher odds of winning.

Payouts for landing on 0


Now let's discuss the payouts for landing on 0 in roulette. The payouts vary depending on the type of bet placed.



  1. Inside bets: If you place a straight bet on 0 and discuss the ball lands on 0, the payout is usually 35 to 1. This means that if you bet $1 on 0 and win, you will receive $35 in winnings.
  2. Outside bets: If you place an outside bet such as red/black or odd/even and the ball lands on 0, you will usually lose your bet. However, some roulette variations offer a special rule called "en prison" or "la partage" where you can get half of your bet back if 0 is landed. This reduces the house edge and improves the odds for the player.

It's important to note that the payouts mentioned above are based on the standard rules of roulette. Different variations of the game may have slightly different payout structures.


Conclusion


The myth that landing on 0 in roulette results in no payout is completely false. In fact, landing on 0 can lead to significant payouts, depending on the type of bet placed. Understanding the different types of bets and their corresponding payouts is essential for debunking this common misconception. So, the next time you play roulette, remember that 0 can be a lucky number!

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